Diagnostic Guide
What is causing holes in my plant leaves?
Look for the pattern of damage before reaching for a spray. Clean holes, ragged edges, and nighttime damage suggest different causes.
Last reviewed: August 6, 2026 · Sources: University of California IPM
Quick Diagnosis
Start with the visible pattern
| What you see | Most likely cause | Check first |
|---|---|---|
| Small holes in tender new leaves | Insect feeding | Inspect undersides and nearby stems |
Field Check
Inspect leaves early in the morning and again at dusk. Some pests hide during the day.
Do This First
Simple checks before you buy anything
Most garden problems have more than one possible cause. Start with the simplest explanation.
- Look under leaves before treating anything.
- Note whether damage is on tender new growth or older leaves.
- Protect the plant only after you know what is causing the damage.
Likely Causes
Most likely causes to check first
Aphids
Confidence: 38%Aphids cluster on tender growth, distort leaves, and leave sticky residue that can lead to more trouble later.
- Inspect the undersides of new leaves and stems.
- Look for sticky honeydew or ants moving across the plant.
- Check whether distorted growth is concentrated on soft new tissue.
Sources
Reference material used on this page
University of California IPM
Powdery mildew identification and control
Publication date: 2025
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